Le Corbusier had a great impact of the view and application of exposed concrete with the "invention" of beton brut from his Unite project. Beton brut is "concrete whose surface bears the imprint of the molding process.
Paul Rudolf took exposed concrete a step further when he created the Art and Architecture Building at Yale University. After the molding was removed, he had the exterior hand-hammered to expose the aggregate. Vincent Scully quote about the building: "slotted and bashed surface is one of the most inhospitable, indeed physically dangerous, ever devised by man". I can image the was the walls feel based on this description. I have scraped skin off my hands getting to close to such a surface.
In the 1960's the trend was to have the same materials on both the exterior and interior. Louis I. Kahn took concrete from one dimensional to 3D. He explored the realm of cast concrete.
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